What is the difference between the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H₁)?
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Null Hypothesis (H₀)
- It is the default assumption or claim that there is no effect, no difference, or no relationship in the population.
- It represents the status quo or what we assume true until evidence suggests otherwise.
- Example: “The mean test score of students is 75.”
Alternative Hypothesis (H₁ or Ha)
- It is the statement that contradicts the null hypothesis.
- It claims that there is an effect, a difference, or a relationship.
- This is what the researcher is trying to prove or support with evidence.
- Example: “The mean test score of students is not 75.”