Define the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H₁). Provide an example of each in a research context.
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Null Hypothesis (H₀): A statement asserting no effect, relationship, or difference in the population.
Example: "There is no difference in test scores between students who study in groups and those who study alone."
Alternative Hypothesis (H₁): A statement asserting an effect, relationship, or difference exists.
Example: "Students who study in groups score higher on tests than those who study alone
."