What is the role of surplus variables in LP?
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Surplus variables are used to convert inequality constraints (specifically, greater-than-or-equal-to constraints) into equalities in LP problems. They represent the amount by which the left-hand side of a constraint exceeds the right-hand side.
Surplus variables in linear programming are used to convert inequalities into equalities. They represent the difference between the left-hand side and the right-hand side of a "greater than or equal to" constraint, allowing the formulation to maintain feasibility while facilitating the application of the simplex method.